ISO/TR TECHNICAL REPORT 16743 First edition 2013-03-15 Optics and photonics Wavefront sensors for characterising optical systems and optical components Optique et photonique-Capteursdefrontd'onde pour caracterisationdessystemesoptiquesetdescomposantsoptiques Reference number IS0/TR16743:2013(E) ISO @IS02013 IS0/TR16743:2013(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @IS02013 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior writtenpermission. Permission can be requested from either IsO at the address below or IsO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56.CH-1211Geneva 20 Tel.+ 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail [email protected] Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland IS02013-All rights reserved IS0/TR16743:2013(E) Contents Page Foreword .iv 1 Scope. .1 2 Introduction to wavefront sensing techniques 1 3 Foucault knife-edge test 2 3.1 The knife-edge test. 2 3.2 Variations on the knife-edge test. .3 3.3 Applicationofknife-edgetesttodiodelasers 3 3.4 Thepyramid sensor.... 3 4 Screen testing. .4 4.1 General ..4 4.2 Hartmanntest 4.3 The development of automated wavefront sensing 5 4.4 Shack-Hartmann test 6 4.5 Measurements with a Shack-Hartmann sensor. .7 5 Wavefrontcurvature sensors .8 5.1 General 8 5.2 Wavefront curvature sensing and phase diversitytechniques 8 5.3 Phase diversity wavefront sensor with diffraction grating 9 6 Wavefront sensing by interferometry .10 6.1 General .10 6.2 Self-referencing interferometry 11 6.3 Electronic detection and phase measurement .12 6.4 Shearing interferometry .12 6.5 Point-diffraction interferometers with error-free reference wavefronts .17 6.6 Lateral shearing and the Ronchi test.. 20 6.7 Lateralshearingwithadoublefrequencygrating 21 7 Summary of wavefront sensing methods. .22 Bibliography .25 sanaangatinn-All rights reserved ili